北京時間2月13日，巴塞羅那足球俱樂部（巴薩）正式宣布與年輕前鋒庫巴西完成續約，合同期限延伸至2029年。這一喜訊的公布伴隨著巴薩官方所曬出的相關圖片及視頻。

在視頻中，庫巴西滿面笑容地表達了自己對續約的喜悅之情。他表示，自己對未來在巴薩的職業生涯充滿期待，特別是他希望能在新諾坎普球場繼續展現自己的實力。他坦言，對球隊、對教練組、對隊友都感到非常滿意。

現年18歲的庫巴西身價高達7000萬歐元，成為巴薩的瑰寶。至今，他已經為巴薩一線隊在各項賽事中出戰了60場比賽，為球隊貢獻了4次精彩助攻。本賽季至今，他更是以31次首發的出色表現，助力巴薩在各項賽事中取得佳績，并在最近的賽季中，他還隨隊贏得了西班牙超級杯的冠軍。而在去年，他更隨西班牙U23隊榮膺奧運男足金牌。

如此出色的球員和他在賽場上的優異表現都離不開他在平時的努力與專注。而這份新合同也是對庫巴西一直以來表現的認可和肯定?？梢灶A見，未來幾年他將在這家享譽全球的俱樂部中繼續展現自己的實力與天賦。巴薩球迷們對他的未來充滿了期待和信心。# (i)

## What is the definition of the term "waterfall" in software development?

In software development, the term "waterfall" refers to a project management methodology that follows a linear, step-by-step approach. This method is characterized by a strict sequence of phases that must be completed in a particular order. The waterfall model emphasizes sequentiality, meaning that each stage in the process is completed before moving to the next stage. This approach is often used in traditional software development where there is a clear beginning and an end to each phase.

## What are the advantages of using the waterfall model in software development?

The waterfall model in software development has several advantages:

1. **Simplicity and Clarity**: The waterfall model provides a straightforward and clear process that is easy to understand and follow. This simplicity can help teams avoid confusion and ensure that everyone is on the same page regarding project expectations.

2. **Risk Management**: By following a structured, linear approach, the waterfall model helps in managing risks. This is because each stage is carefully planned and executed, with potential issues identified and addressed before moving to the next stage.

3. **Detailed Planning**: The waterfall model encourages detailed planning at each stage, which can lead to a better understanding of requirements and resources needed for each phase. This planning can help in estimating project duration and costs more accurately.

4. **Quality Assurance**: The waterfall model often includes quality assurance checks at each stage, ensuring that each phase meets predefined quality standards. This helps in maintaining the overall quality of the final product.

## What are the disadvantages of using the waterfall model in software development?

Although the waterfall model has many advantages, it also has some disadvantages:

1. **Inflexibility**: The waterfall model's linear, step-by-step approach can make it difficult to adapt to changes in requirements or circumstances during the project. Once a stage is completed, it may be challenging to go back and make modifications without significant effort and cost.

2. **Long Development Cycles**: Due to its sequential nature, the waterfall model can result in longer development cycles. This can be problematic in fast-paced environments where changes and updates need to be made quickly.

3. **Lack of Early Feedback**: In the waterfall model, feedback is typically provided only at the end of each phase. This can lead to a delay in identifying and addressing problems early on, which may result in cost and time overruns.

4. **Uncertainty about Final Cost and Time**: Since the waterfall model often relies on detailed planning at the beginning of the project, any changes or uncertainties during the project can lead to significant deviations from the initial cost and time estimates.

# (ii)

## What is an example of a project where the waterfall model could be effectively used?

One example of a project where the waterfall model could be effectively used is a software project with clearly defined requirements and goals that follow a traditional life cycle with distinct phases such as analysis, design, development, testing, and maintenance. In such projects, where there is a clear beginning and an end to each phase, the waterfall model provides a structured approach to ensure that each phase is completed as per the predefined plan.

## What other project management methodologies are commonly used in software development?

Other project management methodologies commonly used in software development include:

1. **Agile Method